A MOA (Minutes of Angle) and MRAD (Milliradians) are angular units of measure, much like inches and centimeters are linear units of measure. MOA is most commonly associated with ‘inches at 100 yards’, the angle created by 1 MOA roughly equates to 1 inch on a target at 100 yards. Units of MRAD are given in .1 increments.

A Second Focal Plane and First Focal Plane indicate where the reticle is placed inside the scope’s optical system. Reticles in the First Focal Plane are mounted ahead of the major optical train, meeting up with the image you’re viewing before everything is magnified. The image and reticle get larger and smaller together while maintain the same scale to one another regardless of magnification. Reticles in the Second Focal Plane are mounted oppositely and meet up with the image you are viewing after it’s already been magnified. The image will grow and shrink with magnification but the reticle will not.